Abstract: To analyze the imbalance in the spatial distribution of water resources in Anhui Province, an indicator system was constructed using the water resource load index, water-land resource matching coefficient, and water use efficiency index. The absolute connection strength value (P_i) and relative connection strength value (N_i) of 16 prefecture-level cities in Anhui Province from 2014 to 2018 were calculated by coupling the set pair analysis method with the gravity model. The results showed that a trend of P_i < N_i in most cities in Anhui Province, and the comprehensive strength of water resources was difficult to meet the needs of urban development to a certain extent, presenting an unbalanced development of water resources, and forming a spatial pattern of water resources distribution with southern Anhui (mainly Huangshan City and Xuancheng City) as the core. It showed a certain difference from the economic distribution centered on central Anhui (mainly Hefei City), and a relatively large difference from the cultivated land distribution centered on northern Anhui Province. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a scientific and reasonable water resources allocation plan to alleviate the spatial imbalance of regional water resources.