Abstract: To enhance the utilization level of water resources in Guizhou Province, based on the average water efficiency indicators of all provinces in China and the water efficiency indicators of Guizhou Province from 2018 to 2023, descriptive statistics and comparative analysis methods were employed to reveal the trends of water efficiency in industry and agriculture and the influencing factors of climate. The results showed that: ① The effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water increased annually, indicating a gradual improvement in agricultural water use efficiency, although the value for Guizhou Province remained below the national average. ② The water use per unit of cultivated land generally exhibited a decreasing trend. Climate change significantly influenced this indicator, increased precipitation and reduced sunlight which lead to a decrease in water use per unit, and vice versa. ③ The water consumption per 10 000 yuan of industrial output value in Guizhou Province has been decreasing year by year, and the efficiency of industrial water use has been continuously improved. Extreme drought conditions have prompted enterprises to strengthen water-saving measures, which has played a promoting role in enabling the water use efficiency of Guizhou Province′s industry to exceed the national average level after 2022.