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      基于“天空地水”协同的高精度水库DEM提取方法

      High-precision reservoir DEM extraction using integrated sky-space-land-water observation

      • 摘要: 为了克服传统水库DEM提取方法在禁飞区地形获取与水陆交界区域融合方面的局限,提出一种融合卫星立体测图、无人机LiDAR、无人船单波束测深及RTK水边线测量的“天空地水”协同高精度DEM提取方法。通过联合RTK散点数据构建误差改正模型,提升卫星立体测在禁飞区的DEM精度;提出基于水边线约束的指数衰减权重融合算法,实现水陆DEM无缝拼接,削弱交界处高程阶跃效应。整合卫星、无人机、RTK和无人船等多平台数据,突破禁飞区限制与水陆动态交界带的地形获取难题。以亭子口水利枢纽为例,构建全域高精度融合DEM,核算水库库容并与2005年库容数据进行对比。结果表明:方法有效提升了DEM在禁飞区与水陆交界带的数据精度与连续性,基于该DEM的库容核算显示2024年亭子口水库死库容较2005年减少8.47%,防洪库容和兴利库容分别减少0.19%和0.23%。本方法可为水库精细化管理和淤积评估提供可靠的DEM数据基础与库容分析手段。

         

        Abstract: In order to overcome the limitations of traditional reservoir Digital Elevation Model (DEM) extraction methods in terms of terrain acquisition in no-fly zones and the fusion of land-water boundary areas, this study proposed a coordinated "sky-space-land-water" high-precision DEM extraction method that integrated satellite stereometric mapping, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), unmanned vessel single-beam bathymetry, and Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) shoreline measurement. By combining RTK scatter data to construct an error correction model, the accuracy of satellite stereometric mapping-derived DEM in no-fly zones was improved. An exponential decay weight fusion algorithm based on shoreline constraints was proposed to achieve seamless splicing of land-water DEMs and mitigate the elevation step effect at the junction. The integration of multi-platform data from satellites, UAVs, RTK, and unmanned vessels overcame the challenges of terrain acquisition in no-fly zones and dynamic land-water transition zones. Taking the Tingzikou Hydropower Project as an example, a globally high-resolution fused DEM was constructed, and the reservoir storage capacity was calculated and compared with 2005 storage capacity data. The results show that the proposed method can effectively enhance the data accuracy and continuity of the DEM in no-fly zones and land-water transition zones. The storage capacity calculation based on this DEM revealed that by 2024, the dead storage capacity of the reservoir had decreased by 8.47% compared to 2005, while the flood control storage capacity and active storage capacity had decreased by 0.19% and 0.23%, respectively. The research provide a reliable DEM data foundation and storage capacity analysis tool for refined reservoir management and sedimentation assessment.

         

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