Abstract: To investigate the effects of pipe jacking construction beneath existing railway embankments, this study focused on the pipe jacking tunnel construction of Daxing Branch of South-to-North Water Diversion Project as it passed under the Jingjiu Railway. Numerical simulation of the construction process was conducted using MIDAS GTS NX, while automated monitoring was employed in real time to track railway subgrade settlement. The deformation patterns induced by the pipe jacking tunneling beneath the railway embankment were analyzed, and the settlement trough curve parameters of Railway embankment were fitted. The results showed that both numerical simulation and monitoring data exhibited consistent settlement trends. During construction, the maximum cumulative settlement of the railway embankment reached 5.5 mm based on numerical simulation, while the maximum track settlement was 1.6 mm. Reinforcement of the soil within the disturbance zone ensured safe railway operation, keeping all structural impacts within controllable limits.