Abstract:  Against the unique challenges of cultural sensitivity, ecological fragility, and livelihood complexity encountered in land acquisition and resettlement baseline surveys for major infrastructure projects developed in southwestern China's karst landscapes and ethnic minority areas, this paper selects the Guizhou Fuquan Pingshang Pumped Storage Power Station as a typical case study. A four-dimensional baseline survey indicator system encompassing physical assets, socio-economic conditions, ethnic culture, and ecological environment is established. The survey is implemented systematically through an organizational mechanism characterized by "dual-track parallel operation and three-level review" and an implementation framework structured as a "four-phase closed-loop process". The survey results indicate that the data error rate is controlled at 1.8%; adjusted in accordance with the preferences of resettled populations, the resettlement scheme is revised from the original "centralized resettlement priority" to "decentralized resettlement"; and the acceptance rate of the survey results among the affected population rises from 78% at the initial stage to 96% after final confirmation. This study verifies that embedding an independent evaluation mechanism throughout the entire baseline survey process can effectively address the bottlenecks of difficult data collection, insufficient cultural awareness, and weak risk identification that prevail in karst ethnic minority areas, providing replicable practical experience for baseline surveys for resettlement associated with similar major projects across southwestern China.