Abstract: The unique natural environment of the Tibetan Plateau gave rise to ancient water storage and irrigation systems with strong regional characteristics, serving as a testament to the wisdom of local ancestors in adapting to high-altitude aridity and addressing uneven spatiotemporal distribution of water resources. This study systematically examines four technical systems of the system—pond reservoirs, intercepting and diverting underground streams, combining river valley terraces with diversion and storage, and utilizing snow and ice meltwater. It delves into the ecological water management wisdom embedded within, including "harmony with nature, " "maximizing benefits while minimizing harm, " the "high resource efficiency" cycle principle, and the sustainable operation mechanism reliant on community co-governance and cultural heritage. Research indicates that these ancient insights not only effectively supported agricultural and social development on the plateau historically but also offer valuable inspiration and practical lessons for contemporary efforts in addressing climate change, constructing ecological water conservancy projects, optimizing water resource management, and promoting sustainable development in plateau rural areas—given their respect for natural laws, adaptation to local conditions, systemic balance, and community collaboration.