Coordinated effects of ENSO and multi-basin SST on precipitation over Yangtze River Basin during critical periods

To gain an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms by which Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomalies influence precipitation during the critical periods over Yangtze River Basin, and to improve the capability of drought and flood prediction, the research progress on the impacts of SST anomalies in the tropical Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans on precipitation in the basin was systematically reviewed.Based on precipitation observation data from 1961 to 2025 over Yangtze River Basin, and by employing climatological statistical methods, the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of precipitation were analyzed and the influencing mechanisms of different regional SST modes at various stages were summarized.The results indicated that the annual precipitation over Yangtze River Basin exhibited a non-significant increasing trend with pronounced interannual fluctuations.During the main flood season, the tropical Pacific ENSO played a dominant role by modulating the Western North Pacific Subtropical High and the Indian Ocean capacitor effect, while SST modes in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans synergistically influenced precipitation by exciting atmospheric teleconnection wave trains and modulating moisture transport pathways.During the autumn flood season, precipitation was jointly regulated by the synergistic "cross-basin" interactions among Pacific ENSO, the Indian Ocean Dipole, and Atlantic SST.