Review on research progress of tunnel blasting vibration reduction technology

Focusing on vibration reduction techniques for tunnel blasting adjacent to existing structures, this study employed a literature review methodology to synthesize blasting energy control technologies, propagation path control techniques, structural reinforcement methods for adjacent buildings, and emerging blasting control technologies. Research findings indicate that: source energy control constituted the core of vibration reduction. By implementing techniques such as segmented charging, cut area optimization, and millisecond blasting, energy release can be controlled at the source, leading to a significant reduction in vibration intensity. Proper configuration of delay times and charge structures can achieve over 20% reduction in vibration velocity, representing a key approach for tunnel blasting vibration mitigation. Vibration isolation techniques along the propagation path demonstrate remarkable efficacy. Continuous fractures created by pre-splitting blasting can reduce vibration velocity by 40%~60%, though they may induce surrounding rock instability in highly jointed rock masses. While emerging blasting technologies show potential as alternatives, they remain limited in application, primarily being utilized in soft rock or small-scale projects. Future efforts should prioritize equipment development and engineering applicability research. High-precision multi-physics coupled numerical simulations, intelligent inversion algorithms, and optimization models need to be advanced to establish a full-cycle intelligent blasting system integrating "geological modeling-real-time monitoring-feedback optimization", in order to achieve safer, more efficient and more accurate control of blasting vibrations.